1/6/2023 0 Comments Dispositional optimism![]() In longitudinal observational studies, path analysis revealed depressive mood, stress symptoms and anxiety as possible mediators of the relationship of dispositional optimism and subjective sleep quality (Hernandez et al., 2019 Lau, Harry Hui, Cheung, & Lam, 2015 Lau, Hui, Lam, & Cheung, 2017). ![]() In children, shorter sleep latency was associated with higher optimism (Lemola et al., 2011). In previous research, dispositional optimism was associated with better sleep quality (Hernandez et al., 2019 Uchino et al., 2018), as well as fewer insomnia symptoms in adults (Lemola, Räikkönen, Gomez, & Allemand, 2013). This evidence supports a potential effect of dispositional optimism also on sleep quality and insomnia susceptibility through factors such as improved coping. Optimists have been shown to maintain a healthier lifestyle (Boehm et al., 2018), have lower cortisol levels when experiencing high levels of stress (Jobin, Wrosch, & Scheier, 2014), in general have lower levels of other inflammatory biomarkers (Roy et al., 2010), and apply more effective coping strategies (Chiang et al., 2019). A meta-analytic review of 29 studies concluded that psychological interventions can increase dispositional optimism, and that the strongest effect was achieved when applying the Best Possible Self method (Malouff & Schutte, 2017). Yet, recent evidence indicates that dispositional optimism can be promoted through training. Moderate to high test−retest correlations (0.58−0.79) of validated measures of dispositional optimism were found for time periods of up to 10 years (Carver, Scheier, & Segerstrom, 2010). high expectancies for positive outcomes in the future and low expectancies for negative events (Sohl, Moyer, Lukin, & Knapp-Oliver, 2011), is considered a continuous trait where optimism and pessimism represent opposite poles (Mavioğlu, Boomsma, & Bartels, 2015). Growing evidence has linked dispositional optimism to better health (Lee et al., 2019) and a lower risk of chronic disease outcomes, especially cardiovascular disease (Rozanski, Bavishi, Kubzansky, & Cohen, 2019). The attitude and expectations of people towards their lives are essential for future health outcomes. Further research is needed to clarify the prevention potential of interventions targeting this mental trait. Promoting dispositional optimism could represent a simple and accessible strategy to improve sleep quality and lower insomnia risk, with downstream beneficial health effects. Happiness, depression and health status confounded the association, whereas lifestyle did not. Results were similar for all four definitions of insomnia, and differed slightly between men and women. Among Austrians who were more optimistic, chronic insomnia risk was lower compared with those less optimistic (middle versus bottom tertile of optimism score: OR = 0.39, 95% CI, 0.22–0.70 and top versus bottom tertile: OR = 0.28, 95% CI, 0.14–0.54 p-trend < .001). Age- and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Three definitions were based on the criteria of chronic insomnia according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (3rd edn). Optimism was measured using the validated Life Orientation Test-Revised, and four different definitions were used to assess chronic insomnia. We describe the association between dispositional optimism and chronic insomnia, considering potential mediators, in the Austrian Sleep Survey ( N = 1,004), a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in 2017. Growing evidence has linked dispositional optimism to beneficial health outcomes, such as exceptional longevity, healthy aging and better sleep quality. ![]() Attitudes and expectations of people towards their lives are essential to future health outcomes. ![]()
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